IP
ADDRESS
- · A logical numeric address assigned to every computer. It is used to communicate in a network.
- · Made up of 32-bits
- · Divisible into a network portion and host portion with the help of a subnet mask.
BINARY OCTETS CONVERT TO DECIMAL AND
VISE VERSA
X
|
2X
|
2X in Decimal
|
|
0
|
20
|
1
|
CONVERSION (Binary to Decimal)
|
1
|
21
|
2
|
0 1 0
0 0 0
0 1
|
2
|
22
|
4
|
0 64 0
0 0
0 0 0 (0+64+0+0+0+0+0+1=64)
|
3
|
23
|
8
|
|
4
|
24
|
16
|
|
5
|
25
|
32
|
CONVERSION (Binary to Decimal)
|
6
|
26
|
64
|
(8+2)=10. 1. (16+4+2+1)=23.
16+2+1)=19 (decimal)
|
7
|
27
|
128
|
0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1. 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1. 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 (binary)
|
8
|
28
|
256
|
Therefore: = 10.1.23.19
|
IP ADDRESSES CLASSES
CLASS
|
1ST OCTET RANGE
|
1ST OCTET BITS
|
N = NETWORK
H = HOST
|
DEFAULT SUBNET MASK
|
# OF POSSIBLE NETWORKS AND HOST PER NETWORK
|
A
|
1 – 127
|
000000000-011111111
|
N.H.H.H
|
255.0.0.0
|
128 nets
|
B
|
128 – 191
|
100000000-101111111
|
N.N.H.H
|
255.255.0.0
|
16,384 nets
|
C
|
192 – 223
|
110000000-110111111
|
N.N.N.H
|
255.255.255.0
|
2,097,150 nets
|
D
|
224 – 239
|
111000000-11011111
|
N/A (MULTICAST)
|
||
E
|
240 - 256
|
111100000-111101111
|
N/A (EXPERIMENTAL)
|
||
NETWORK MASKS
- · Helps you know which portion of the address identifies the network and host
- · Class A, B, and C networks have default masks, also known as natural masks
SUBNETWORKS
- · Also known as subnets
- · A logically visible subdivision of an IP network
- · The practice of dividing a network into two or more networks is called subnetting
- · Allows you to create multiple logical networks that exist within a single Class A, B and C
- · Each data link on a network must have a unique network ID
- · In order to subnet a network, extend the natural mask using some of the bits from the host ID
Ex:
Class C = 204.17.5.0; Natural Mask = 255.255.255.0
|
|
204.17.5.0
|
11001100.00010001.00000101.00000000
|
255.255.255.224
|
11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000
|
- · With this three bits, it is possible to create eight subnets
- · With the five host ID bits, each subnet can have up to 32 host addresses.
- · The more host bits you use for a subnet mask, more subnets you have available
- · The more subnets available, the less host addresses available per subnet
VLSM
- · Variable Length Subnet Mask
- · Allows you to use different masks for each subnet
- · A technique that allows network administrators to divide and IP address space to subnets of different sizes, unlike simple same-size subnetting.
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